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Friday, October 24, 2025

Hayden Chakra

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Avid historian, book reader, antique enthusiast, coffee obsessed.

First Italian War – Italian War of 1494–1498

Pope Innocent VIII, being in conflict with the Neapolitan king Fernando I, by the bull of September 11, 1489 excommunicated the latter from the...

Battle of Pavia

In 1521, the third period of the Italian wars began - the struggle of France against the coalition of Spain and the Holy Roman...

Completion of the Italian Wars

The Third War of Francis I and Charles V (1536–1538) The capture of Rome in 1527, the successes of the Reformation in Germany and the...

War of the Cognac League – Italian Wars

The vast empire of Charles V expanded. From the very beginning of his rule (1519), he claimed the rights to Milan and Burgundy. To...

The Italian War (1521–1526) – Four Years War

Background In 1518, the world established in Western Europe after the battle of Marignano staggered. The cause of contention between the leading powers was the...

War of the Cambrai League – Franco-Venetian Union (1513-1516)

The French king Louis the whole of 1512 tried to separate Venice from the Holy League, and in the fall he succeeded. Negotiations continued...

Second Italian War – Italian War of 1499–1504

Milanese Prelude Louis XII, like his predecessor (Charles VIII, who died in 1498), had dynastic claims for the crowns of Naples and Milan (he presented...

War of the Cambrai League – Holy League (1511–1513)

Returning to Rome, the pope decided to create a new union, which would include, together with the papal state, Venice, Spain, England and, if...

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History of Finland – Late Middle Ages & Early Modern Era

One of the first and most zealous advocates of Protestantism in Finland was Michael Agricola , the son of a Finnish fisherman, and later...

History of Finland – Catholicism & Northern Crusades

Religion The settlement of the Aland Islands by the Vikings from the territory of modern Sweden began at around the year 500. By 800, the...

Ancient and Early Medieval History of Finland

For the first time the mention of Finland (Fenni) appeared at Tacitus in his essay Germania (98 year). The author, guided only by stories,...

Prehistoric Finland

The question of the origin of the Finns is still the subject of a number of, sometimes contradictory, theories. The excavations carried out in...

History of Denmark (1848 – 1905) Part 1 – Schleswig-Holstein Question

Solemnly announced was the draft constitution a few days after the death of Christian VIII, his successor was Frederick VII (January 28, 1848). He...